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<title>TypeError: The view function did not return a valid response. The function either returned None or ended without a return statement. // Werkzeug Debugger</title>
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<h1>TypeError</h1>
<div class="detail">
<p class="errormsg">TypeError: The view function did not return a valid response. The function either returned None or ended without a return statement.</p>
</div>
<h2 class="traceback">Traceback <em>(most recent call last)</em></h2>
<div class="traceback">
<h3></h3>
<ul><li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771037379600">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">2464</em>,
in <code class="function">__call__</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>def __call__(self, environ, start_response):</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>"""The WSGI server calls the Flask application object as the</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>WSGI application. This calls :meth:`wsgi_app` which can be</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>wrapped to applying middleware."""</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>def __repr__(self):</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>return "<%s %r>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name)</pre></div>
</div>
<li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771037378592">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">2450</em>,
in <code class="function">wsgi_app</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>try:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>ctx.push()</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>response = self.full_dispatch_request()</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>except Exception as e:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>error = e</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>response = self.handle_exception(e)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>except: # noqa: B001</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>error = sys.exc_info()[1]</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>raise</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>return response(environ, start_response)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>finally:</pre></div>
</div>
<li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771037377392">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">1867</em>,
in <code class="function">handle_exception</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span># if we want to repropagate the exception, we can attempt to</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span># raise it with the whole traceback in case we can do that</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span># (the function was actually called from the except part)</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span># otherwise, we just raise the error again</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>if exc_value is e:</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>else:</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>raise e</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>self.log_exception((exc_type, exc_value, tb))</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>server_error = InternalServerError()</pre></div>
</div>
<li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771037377056">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">39</em>,
in <code class="function">reraise</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>import collections.abc as collections_abc</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>if value.__traceback__ is not tb:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>raise value.with_traceback(tb)</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>raise value</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>implements_to_string = _identity</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"></span>else:</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys()</pre></div>
</div>
<li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771023233088">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">2447</em>,
in <code class="function">wsgi_app</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>ctx = self.request_context(environ)</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>error = None</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>try:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>try:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>ctx.push()</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>response = self.full_dispatch_request()</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>except Exception as e:</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>error = e</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>response = self.handle_exception(e)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>except: # noqa: B001</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>error = sys.exc_info()[1]</pre></div>
</div>
<li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771023233136">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">1953</em>,
in <code class="function">full_dispatch_request</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>rv = self.preprocess_request()</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>if rv is None:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>rv = self.dispatch_request()</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>except Exception as e:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>return self.finalize_request(rv)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>def finalize_request(self, rv, from_error_handler=False):</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>"""Given the return value from a view function this finalizes</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>the request by converting it into a response and invoking the</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>postprocessing functions. This is invoked for both normal</pre></div>
</div>
<li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771023233376">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">1968</em>,
in <code class="function">finalize_request</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>with the `from_error_handler` flag. If enabled, failures in</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>response processing will be logged and otherwise ignored.</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>:internal:</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>"""</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>response = self.make_response(rv)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>try:</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>response = self.process_response(response)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>request_finished.send(self, response=response)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>except Exception:</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>if not from_error_handler:</pre></div>
</div>
<li><div class="frame" id="frame-1771023233280">
<h4>File <cite class="filename">"F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py"</cite>,
line <em class="line">2097</em>,
in <code class="function">make_response</code></h4>
<div class="source "><pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>" (body, status), or (body, headers)."</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>)</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"></span> </pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span># the body must not be None</pre>
<pre class="line before"><span class="ws"> </span>if rv is None:</pre>
<pre class="line current"><span class="ws"> </span>raise TypeError(</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>"The view function did not return a valid response. The"</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>" function either returned None or ended without a return"</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>" statement."</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"> </span>)</pre>
<pre class="line after"><span class="ws"></span> </pre></div>
</div>
</ul>
<blockquote>TypeError: The view function did not return a valid response. The function either returned None or ended without a return statement.</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="plain">
<p>
This is the Copy/Paste friendly version of the traceback.
</p>
<textarea cols="50" rows="10" name="code" readonly>Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2464, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2450, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1867, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 39, in reraise
raise value
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2447, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1953, in full_dispatch_request
return self.finalize_request(rv)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1968, in finalize_request
response = self.make_response(rv)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2097, in make_response
raise TypeError(
TypeError: The view function did not return a valid response. The function either returned None or ended without a return statement.</textarea>
</div>
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The debugger caught an exception in your WSGI application. You can now
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If you enable JavaScript you can also use additional features such as code
execution (if the evalex feature is enabled), automatic pasting of the
exceptions and much more.</span>
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<!--
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2464, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2450, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1867, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 39, in reraise
raise value
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2447, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1953, in full_dispatch_request
return self.finalize_request(rv)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1968, in finalize_request
response = self.make_response(rv)
File "F:\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2097, in make_response
raise TypeError(
TypeError: The view function did not return a valid response. The function either returned None or ended without a return statement.
-->
